As spring paints the world in fresh hues, the melodious songs of the Blue-Winged Yellow Warbler, commonly known as the Prothonotary Warbler or Golden Swamp Warbler, fill the air.

This dazzling member of the New World warbler family stands out for its brilliant yellow plumage and unique nesting habits.

Dear Lykkers, named after Catholic clerics who donned bright yellow hoods, the Prothonotary Warbler is a conservation priority for its declining habitat, especially in Canada, where it is endangered. Keen birdwatchers can spot this avian treasure from mid-March as it migrates along the Gulf Coast, traveling northward in April and May.

Environment and Habitat

The Blue-Winged Yellow Warbler thrives in specific habitats, and conservation efforts can make a significant difference in its survival.

Preferred nesting grounds

This warbler is one of the rare cavity-nesting warblers, finding or creating homes in small hollows near swamplands or waterways. These cavities are often those abandoned by Downy Woodpeckers. The bird shows a preference for trees located over or near slow-moving or standing water, especially in river-bottom hardwoods and cypress swamps.

Migration patterns

Each spring, these warblers migrate from Middle America into the southeastern regions of North America. They establish breeding grounds along the Mississippi River and other water-rich environments in the eastern United States. By early August, their migration south begins, and by September, most are gone. While their northern range does not extend far into Canada, they are considered endangered there due to habitat loss.

How to help

Bird enthusiasts can contribute by setting up nest boxes near water before the breeding season begins. This simple step can provide a safe haven for these songbirds as they seek suitable nesting grounds.

Feeding Habits

The diet of the Prothonotary Warbler primarily consists of insects, but it shows flexibility in its feeding preferences.

Primary diet

Throughout the year, this bird feasts on a variety of insects, including butterflies, moths, flies, beetles, mayflies, and spiders. Snails are also part of its regular diet.

Foraging behavior

The warbler displays remarkable agility as it gleans insects from foliage or climbs tree trunks, much like a nuthatch. Occasionally, it indulges in seeds, fruits, and nectar, diversifying its diet.

Appearance

True to its name, the Blue-Winged Yellow Warbler is a sight to behold with its vibrant plumage and elegant build.

Coloration

The male boasts a deep yellow, almost golden chest and head, contrasting with a white belly. Its wings are blue-gray, and its back and tail are olive, with white-tipped tail feathers. The female features similar colors but in more subdued tones.

Size

This small songbird measures between 5.1-5.5 inches in length, with a wingspan of 8.75 inches. Despite its striking appearance, it weighs a mere half an ounce.

Seasonal appearance

Unlike some birds, its plumage remains unchanged during the non-breeding season, making it easy to identify year-round.

Mannerisms and Social Habits

The Prothonotary Warbler exhibits fascinating behaviors, especially during the breeding season.

Courting rituals

Males display their vibrant plumage and sing their signature loud, ringing “tweet-tweet-tweet” to attract females. They also compete with other males by snapping their beaks and chasing intruders. The courtship involves soft chipping sounds between the male and female.

Nesting behavior

Males showcase potential nesting sites by placing moss in them and moving in and out to entice females. Once a site is selected, the female builds the nest using moss or liverwort.

Life below the canopy

These warblers spend most of their time below the forest canopy, filling the air with their melodious songs. When their young hatch, they leave the nest after 10-11 days and possess the remarkable ability to swim as soon as they come into contact with water.

The Blue-Winged Yellow Warbler’s enchanting song, striking appearance, and fascinating habits make it a cherished symbol of springtime renewal. By supporting conservation efforts, its melodious tunes can continue to brighten our world for generations to come.